Yield and Production Volume:Weather conditions (drought, frost, floods, storms)Technological level (use of fertilizers, pesticides, modern machinery)Area of cropsBiological quality of the product (oil, protein, moisture content, and other indicators)
Global Supplies:Production levels in major exporters (Russia, Ukraine, USA, Argentina, Brazil, etc.)Stock levels from previous years
Seasonality:Prices often decrease during the harvest season due to increased supply.

Feed Demand:Increase or decrease in livestock and poultry populations
Changes in animal feed diets (e.g., switching to cheaper components)
Food Industry:Use of grains (wheat, corn) for the production of flour, cereals, starches, and syrupsOilseeds (rapeseed, sunflower, soy) for the production of oils, margarine, and sauces
Energy Sector:Biofuel production from grains and oilseeds (especially corn and rapeseed)
Export Demand:Increased demand from major importers (China, EU, Turkey, India)

Oil Prices:Affect production and transportation costsDetermine the profitability of biofuel production
Exchange Rates:A weakening national currency makes exports more attractive, which can raise domestic prices
Government Policy:Subsidies for producersExport quotas, tariffs, or bans

Competition Between Crops:For example, soybeans and rapeseed compete as sources of oil and feed.Corn and wheat compete for planting areas.
Global Market Conditions:The level of grain and oilseed stocks worldwide.Forecasts for future harvests.Changes in demand for feed grains and animal feed.
Political Instability:Sanctions, trade wars, and military conflicts can impact supply chains.

Futures Contracts:Grains and oilseeds are traded on exchanges (e.g., CBOT, Euronext). Movements in these markets can influence physical prices.
Traders' Expectations:Changes in harvest forecasts or demand expectations can cause price volatility.

Logistics and Infrastructure:Distance from ports, availability of transportation routesCost of transportation by road or rail
Competition Among Processors and Traders:Local purchasing prices may vary depending on the number of market players
Product Quality:Grains with high protein content, oilseeds with high oil yield, or feed with low impurity levels are more expensive

Supply and demand fluctuate depending on the time of year:Harvest peak (September-November for most crops) lowers prices.In winter and spring, prices rise due to lower stock levels.